Hematology

Question: hematology? how many years of collage do you have to do to become a hematologist

Answer: 4 years of college, 4 years of med school, 1 year as an intern, 3-4 years of advanced education specializing in hematology/ncology. RN who wanted to be a Dr.

Question: What is/are general function/s of the Hematology Section in Clinical Laboratories of hostpitals? Also, what is/are the specific functions of Hematology Section in Clinical Laboratories of hospitals. Im sort of looking for its function, not the kind of tests that are usually given there... The Hematology section in the Clinical pathology division is what Im asking for... What is its general and specific function/s?

Answer: The Clinical Laboratory has two divisions, namely, the clinical pathology and physiologic testing divisions. The clinical pathology division is composed of seven sections: 1) urinalysis, 2) immunology and tumor markers, 3) biochemistry and endocrinology, 4) hematology, 5) bacteriology and molecular diagnostics, 6)molecular hematopathology and 7) blood banking. The physiologic testing division has four sections: 1) ultra-sonography (US), 2) electrocardiography, 3) electroencephalography and 4) respiratory function. Each of these sections of the Clinical Laboratory help clinicians in their routine patient care by providing laboratory data.

Question: What does it take to become a hematology doctor? I'm interested in becoming a hematology doctor...I'm looking at different colleges and med-schools and I'm so confused...I don't know what to major or minor in...please help!:)

Answer: It's actually not that difficult once you look at the big picture. Ok, how to become a hema doc? First college, then med school, then a hematology residency. When does your choice about hematology kick in? Not until the end of med school when you're applying to match into a hematology residency. So, what you major and minor in doesn't really matter at all for that. Your goal now is to try and make it into med school. Your choice of major and minor can affect that. You don't have to do a minor. You can if you think it'll make you look more well rounded and interesting to med school admissions people. Provided you can keep up your grades. Your primary concern is to fulfill all the med school prerequisite classes and get a high GPA in everything. Med schools don't care what major you're in as long as they see those prereq classes. People tend to do well in subjects they like. If it's a science major, great. If it's bio over chem, great. If it's art, then great. If you pick a science major in order to make it easier to get into all those science prereq classes, fine. Just pick something that you'll get a high GPA in. Forget about trying to "prepare" for med school or hematology. At most, just take a class or two to accomplish that "goal". You have plenty of electives to do so. Doing too much with that in mind is putting the cart before the horse. Becoming a doc is a marathon. Just concentrate on hitting the next milestone. Don't worry how you're going to celebrate crossing the finish line when you're at mile one.

Question: How do hematology analyzers work? How does it detect WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, platelets. What is the process?

Answer: There are two chambers. Each uses flow cytometry, meaning the cells are lined up and pushed along tubing passed a light source. The light is picked up on a detector. When a cell passes by, the light flow is interrupted and it causes a "blip" in the detector. The size of the "blip" is proportional to the size of the cell. In one chamber, the red cells are counted. The detecter is set to count only the cells that fall with in the size limits of Red Blood Cells. In the other chamber, the blood is put into a solution that lyses the red blood cells leaving only WBC and platelets intact. The detector is set to count cells that fall in the platelet range and in the WBC range of sizes, nuclei size and shape is also detected here and is used to differentiate one type of WBC from another. It also quantifies hemoglobin here with spectrophotometry.

Question: in hematology analysers, what is the lysing reagent to lyse red blood cells called? and btw, if you know, im confused, there are 2 chambers in heamatology analysers.. 1 chamber measure red blood cell the other uses lysing agent thus leaving only wbc and platelets intact.so the platelets measured in 1st or 2nd chamber.. THANKS!

Answer: It's called lysing reagent. The platelets are measured in the same chamber as the red cells. In older analysers using the impedance (Coulter) method, large platelets and platelet clumps would sometimes be counted as red cells.

Question: What is MCV and MCH mean on a hematology report? And what does it mean if levels are higher than average? Also what is BUN and SGOT (AST) on a blood Chemistry report?

Answer: The mean corpuscular volume, or MCV, is a measure of the average red blood cell volume. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin, or "mean cell emoglobin" (MCH), is a measure of the mass of hemoglobin contained by a red blood cell. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) measures the amount of urea nitrogen, a waste product of protein metabolism, in the blood. SGOT: Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, an enzyme that is normally present in liver and heart cells.

Question: Have BSN-RN, want to get a speciality hematology, how does it take it? Completing BSN-RN program, interested in specializing in hematology, how long does it take to get certified in a speciality?

Answer: You are able to become certified in any number of specialties as a BSN. I am not familiar with all of the certifications out there, but the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) does have a certification in oncology nursing. Hematology is often seen as a subset of Oncology. Typically, you have to have a BSN, a certain number of hours in practice, and take (& pass) a certification exam. Check out the link below for more specific info.

Question: Automated hematology analysers differentiate different white blood cells? is it by the nucleus size?? because we've added the lysing reagent which lyses red cells but leaves the nuclei and possibly some cytoplasm of nucleated cells

Answer: By nucleus size and other factors. These analyzers detect the type of cell passing through using laser beams. Different white blood cells' nuclei scatter the laser's light differently since they differ in nuclear content, shape, size, etc. Hope this helps!

Question: Are there any RNs that are certified in pediatric oncology/hematology or pediatric cardiology? I was wondering if the additional certifications affect your salary in a positive way...such as a little more or significantly more than an RN not certified in a specialty or subspecialty. Thanks!

Answer: I am not certified in those areas, but currently am studying to become certified in in-patient obstetrics. My hospital pays reimbursement for the cost of the certification exam, and a yearly bonus of $500 for each certification an RN holds. There is no hourly differential to the base salary for certs. I am not doing it for the money, I'm doing it because I want the self-satisfaction of knowing I am at the "expert" level of practice in my specialty. There is a certain degree of respect from peers, physicians, and patients when they know you are certified and really know your specialty and not just some new nurse who just completed orientation.

Question: can a stroke be more or less diagnosed with a hematology profile? Can certain indicators in blood give a good idea of whether a stroke might have occurred?

Answer: A stroke (aka cerebrovascular disease) CANNOT be diagnosed by a blood test alone, but it can help guide the physician to determine the possible "cause/s" of stroke (i.e. hypertension, high cholesterol levels, bleeding problems, etc.). Most physicians, if they entertain stroke as a possible diagnosis would order a CT Scan of the Brain. This is generally the first diagnostic test done after a patient with a suspected stroke arrives in the emergency room. It is used to quickly distinguish between an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke.

Question: What would a hematology profile be looking for? My son is having some problems and the doctor is sending to get a hematology panel but I'm not quite sure why they would be testing his blood. The requesition says: Hematology profile includes HB, WBC, platelets, Hct, RBC indices, and differential when indicated. Any ideas?

Answer: Another name for this is Complete Blood Count (CBC), they count the white cells Red Cells Hemoglobin, Hematocrit and other blood indicies along with White cell differential. THe differential shows the different types of white. A CBC results will tell if the patient has: Infection (bacterila or Viral) Anemia or Leukemia And other less common illnesses. Best of luck to your son. Sahel Badran Clinical Analyst

Question: Can a Doctor be an Oncologist who also specializes in Pathology,Hematology, or Surgery? The Great Dr. Daniel Hale Williams who was also the first African American Oncologist performed the first successful Heart surgery but I couldnt understand how he was an Oncologist and a Surgeon. I didnt think that was possible.

Answer: Lots of doctors have more than one special qualification. A friend of mine, for example, is a general practitioner and a dentist. It does take a long time to qualify as a specialist, but areas of interest can change, and there's nothing to stop a doctor studying a new speciality.

Question: Can I sub specialize in Hematology and sports medicine with a internal medicine residency?

Answer: Hematology and sports medicine are both two completely separate fields. Heme is usually entered through a pathology residency as far as I know and sports medicine can be entered through multiple initial residencies (orthopedics, emergency medicine, internal medicine). So, yes, you can do either of them without doing an IM residency, but you can't do both of them at the same time without doing two separate residencies in unrelated fields.

Question: I am Paediatrician from India with Australian Fellowship in Hematology. Can I get training in US without MLE? I have ten 10 years experience in Hemato-oncology (in australia and in India in reputed centres). Wants to have one or two years training in pediatric oncology as most of my hemato-onclogy training have been in adult side. (even though I have Master's degree in Pediatrics). I have not done my USMLE exam. Is it possible to have clinical attachment to one of the pediatric oncology units in US for getting experience in that field. (I prefer paid post). If so, please mention which centres should I apply and is there a specific time of the year, these posts are filled up? I would like to work as a senior registrar in the pediatric oncology department of the hospital for atleast one year.

Answer: I'm pretty certain that you will need to take the exams to work as a doctor here. If you have been practicing for that long, you shouldn't have a problem with the test. I'm sure you can get study guides and such (look on amazon.com). Hope this helps!

Question: hematology question?how to differentiate the primary granule and secondary granule? how to differentiate the primary granule and secondary granule? Actually, i am confuse what primary granule and secondary look like. for me, they all look like same. help please!

Answer: Primary or azurophilic granules Azurophilic granules fuse with phagocytic vesicles and deliver their contents. Primary or azurophilic granules contain the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) and several other proteins and enzymes. MPO, which constitutes approximately 5% of the dry weight of neutrophils, catalyzes the production of hypochlorite from chloride and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2). Various other components of azurophilic granules include defensins, lysozyme, azurocidin, bacterial permeability–increasing protein (BPI), elastase, cathepsin G, proteinase, and esterase N. Defensins are proteins that defend the body against a variety of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Lysozyme is an enzyme that degrades bacterial peptidoglycans. Azurocidin demonstrates antibacterial activity and antifungal activity against Candida albicans. BPI has antibacterial activity against some gram-negative bacteria. Secondary or specific granules Secondary or specific granules are released into the extracellular space, as opposed to the primary granule content that is released into phagocytic vesicles. Secondary granules contain apolactoferrin, vitamin B-12–binding protein, plasminogen activator, lysozyme, and collagenase. Apolactoferrin binds to iron, thereby depriving bacteria of the iron that is essential for cell growth. Collagenase degrades collagen and thus augments movement of neutrophils through collagen.

Question: In hematology, what blood cells can determine whether the illness is viral or bacterial? Please identify the blood cells that determines the virus and the bacteria. This was supposed to be posted in medicine category but it turned otherwise. But please answer the question in details.

Answer: Virus can affect the red blood cells, also T-cells and bacteria the white cells...you figure out why...I already got my degree and I earned it...