Haemophilus Meningitis

Question: If I had Spinal Meningitis Haemophilus Influenzae type B when I was an infant do I have anythin to worry about? When I was around 18 months I had Spinal Meningitiss Haemophilus influenzae type B. They told my mother that I could possibly suffer from hearing and/or vision loss from the antibiotics used in during my treatment. I am now 22 years old and have not encountered any problems regarding this matter. The spinal meningitis I had was in fact bacterial. I was more just wondering if and when these hearing and/or vision loss could take place, if ever.

Answer: Meningitis causes brain damage and with that come loss of hearing and loss of sight which are actually quite minor side effects from meningitis when you consider all the other problems that people have once they have over come the disease. If you were going to lose your hearing or sight it happens in hospital while you are being treated and not years down the track so to answer your question you are never going to be deaf or blind unless you end up with another illness that could cause these things. Im am very happy you survived un like so many thousand of other people who don't and if they do there left with very serious illnesses including blindness, deafness, seizures, autism, cerebral palsy, loss of limbs, loss of Speech, inability to walk and in some cases even move. The list goes on and on. You should be very happy and proud of yourself that you are okay and thank you mum everyday because it was her the noticed the symptoms and got you the treatment that saved your life.

Question: How do you know if bacterial meningitis is an infection with neisseria meningitis or haemophilus influenzae? What is the problem you are asked to solve? What is the hypothesis for the solution? What organism caused problem? What are the experiments that are required to answer hypothesis? What is your conclusion to the problem? Based on results what organism caused the problem?

Answer: You have asked this THREE times now. And you have been answered. http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index;…

Question: Meningitis-WHY don't people realize it is a symptom NOT a disease? Seriously they keep pushing the "Meningitis Vaccine" and now on the news they keep saying "Were 500 people in this bar exposed to Meningitis?" That is like asking if 500 people were exposed to "fever" Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges which can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or in some cases no known cause. The most common cause in children is Haemophilus influenzae. The so-called Meningitis vaccine for adults vaccinates against Meningococcal bacteria. Meningococcal can cause meningitis, but does not always cause meningitis and not all meningitis is cause by Meningococcal. Why do we allow doctors, the government and the media to feed us such inaccurate propaganda all the time? What can we do to stop the media and government from continuing with this propaganda and inaccurate information? Yes viral meningitis is scary, but the vaccine works against Meningococcal which is a BACTERIA. So all of these people are getting the vaccine thinking they are safe. Who's fault will it be if some dies because they think they are safe and ignore the symptoms?

Answer: It really doesn't matter, does it? It's like someone saying they have a stomach flu...when a flu is a respiratory infection. In fact, the stomach flu one really irks me...so I can see where you're coming from. However, in the end...it's not really some conspiracy. Most people do not know the information that you do, and can only understand it when presented in a certain way. It really doesn't matter that your average person knows what you just described...all that matters is that health care professionals do. And hey, any health care professional worth their salt would not fall for this "propaganda." The funny thing is the more you learn about medical conditions, treatments, etc....the more of these situations you will find that annoy you. The end however justifies the means, so this is not some grand conspiracy, but rather just an effort to get people vaccinated. Whether or not they know the full truth of the matter really isn't an issue, all that matters is that they are fighting that meningitis and stopping that nasty stomach flu ;) And to the person that posted it's a free speech issue, you need to stop sleeping in civics/government, twit :p

Question: A patient is in the hospital with bacterial meningitis.? The doctor needs to determine whether the patient has an infection with Neisseria meningitidis or Haemophilus influenzae. What is the problem (scenario) that you are asked to solve? What is your hypothesis for the solution to the problem? What organism could have caused this problem? What experiments are required to answer the hypothesis (stains, biochemical, and media for each organism and the expected results). What is your conclusion to the problem?

Answer: Scenario: a patient with signs of meningeal irritation (Kernigs, etc.), and other signs and symptomes that need a solution Hypothesis: menigeal syndrome, probably caused by meningitis Organism: depends on age basically (in neonatal care it might be L. monocytogenes, E. coli K1, S. agalactiae, etc.), but in small children (up to 4-5 years) the two main agents are N. meningitidis and H. influenzae Experiments: lumbar puncture and observation in fresco (with china ink, Gramm, nothing for some parasites, etc.) and culture for bacterias and fungi; also you can test for viral antigens (a major cause of meningitis in children); in some cases you can do cultures in cells for viruses Conclusion: if I find in fresco diplococcus Gram Negative, I might think of Neisseria, I'll confirm it with culture; if I find Gram Negative bacillus I might think Haemofilus, I'll confirm it with culture

Question: A patient is in the hospital with bacterial meningitis. It needs to be determined whether the patient has...? an infection with Neisseria meningitidis or Haemophilus influenzae. It needs to be detrmined through the Scientific Method. What organism caused the problem? What are the experements required to answer the hypothesis: Stains, biochemical, and media for each organism and the expected results. What is the conclusion of the problem based on the expected results? I understand what types of bacterial meningitis which is being asked for, the Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitis. I do not understand what would determine what one caused the bacterial meningitis. Even if you test both types of meningitis what determines which one goes with the bacterial meningitis, I thought they were both bacterial meningitis. I am so confused please help me.

Answer: Hi, you could do an experiment whereby you take a sample from the infected patient and grow a culture on an agar plate, along with known samples of Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae. The patients sample could then be compared to both known samples and a deduction could be made. As each are both gram negative, you could not tell which is which by gram stain technique. Hope this helps.

Question: Microbiology Case Study on Haemophilus influenzae? You are doing a rotation in the hospital’s clinical laboratory. A sample of cloudy cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a suspected meningitis case arrives and you are told to Gram stain it, and then to plate it on blood agar and chocolate agar. In the Gram stain you find gram-negative rods of varying size and shape. You also find a lot of bacteria inside phagocytic cells. They’re not diplococci. Colonies grow on both of the plates you inoculated. Later, the charge nurse tells you that the patient, a 3-year-old girl, has not received any childhood vaccinations. 1. What is the most likely causative organism? Why? 2. Why was the child’s unvaccinated status helpful in diagnosis? 3. What is causing the cloudiness in the CSF? 4. What other types of infections can this organism cause in children?

Answer: pertussis

Question: Microbiology help? 1. A 19-year-old female visits the clinic complaining of a frequent, urgent desire to urinate, a burning sensation during urination, and pain above her pubic bone. The physician suspects cystitis and arranges for the patient to collect a clean-catch, mid-stream urine specimen. The urine is cloudy and tinged with blood. In the laboratory, a colony count confirms that the patient does have a urinary tract infection. The pathogen causing the infection is producing pink colonies on MacConkey agar. Which one of the following pathogens do you suspect is causing this patient’s cystitis? a. Chlamydia trachomatis b. Escherichia coli c. Neisseria gonorrhoeae d. Proteus mirabilis e. Staphylococcus saprophyticus 2. A 2-year-old girl is admitted to the hospital with massive tissue destruction along her right arm. The skin is a violet color and large fluid-filled blisters are present. The patient has a fever, a rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, and seems confused. Her mother informs the physician that the child had been recovering from chickenpox, and, for the past two days, had frequently been scratching at chickenpox lesions on that area of her arm. Once the area appeared to have become infected, the infection spread very rapidly. A Gram-stain of exudate from the infected tissue reveals Gram-positive cocci in chains. The physician suspects that her infection is being caused by _______________. a. Clostridium perfringens b. Clostridium tetani c. Staphylococcus aureus d. Streptococcus pneumoniae e. Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep) 3. A 16-year-old female is admitted to the hospital with severe abdominal cramps and bloody diarrhea. She has a fever of 102oF. She has been experiencing her symptoms for the past three days, since several hours after eating at a fast food restaurant with a group of her friends. She recalls that the hamburger she ate was not very well cooked. (It is later learned that the meat being used in that restaurant to prepare hamburgers has been recalled due to bacterial contamination.) All of the following organisms can cause diarrhea, but which is the most likely cause of her illness? a. A species of Salmonella b. A species of Shigella c. Escherichia coli O157:H7 d. Staphylococcus aureus e. Vibrio cholerae 4. A 20-year-old male is admitted to the hospital with fever, headache, stiff neck, sore throat, and vomiting. The attending physician suspects that the patient has meningitis and immediately performs a lumbar puncture. A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimen is rushed to the laboratory, where it is processed immediately. After centrifuging an aliquot of the specimen, the sediment is spread onto a microscope slide, fixed, and Gram-stained. Microscopic examination of the Gram-stained specimen reveals numerous white blood cells and numerous Gram-negative diplococci. This information is telephoned to the attending physician, who will now treat the patient for a meningitis caused by _______________. a. Haemophilus influenzae b. Neisseria meningitidis c. Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B strep) d. Streptococcus pneumoniae e. Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep) 5. An 80-year-old female is transferred from a nursing home to the hospital because she is suspected of having pneumonia. She is experiencing chest pain, chills, fever, and shortness of breath. She has a productive cough (meaning that she is coughing up sputum). A Gram-stain of the sputum reveals numerous white blood cells and numerous Gram-positive diplococci. Upon receipt of the Gram-stain report, the physician treats the patient for a pneumonia caused by _______________. a. Haemophilus influenzae b. Staphylococcus aureus c. Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B strep) d. Streptococcus pneumoniae e. Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep) Please also include why the rest of the choice doesn't match with the conditional stats.

Answer: Ok, I had not intended to answer this question because you need to do your own work. But, there are some incorrect answers from "abcdefg". They may be purposely giving wrong answers but too many people read these anwsers and believe them to all be true. Number two: Correct answer is e. Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep). Group A strep is seen in chains on a gram stain. Staph. aureus appears in grape-like clusters an a gram stain. Streptococcus pyogenes, Group A strep, is a common cause of Necrotizing Fasciitis which these symptoms match. Number four: Correct answer is b. Neisseria meningitidis. Streptococcus pneumonia appears as lanceolate gram positive cocci in pairs on a gram stain. Neiserria meningitidis is the ONLY gram-negative cocci given as a choice. It also happens to be the primary cause of bacterial meningitis. Number five: Correct answer is d.Streptococcus pneumoniae. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the primary cause of bacterial pneumonia. Strep. pyogenes would appear in chains on a gram stain while Strep. pneumoniae appears as pairs of diplococci. I do hope you decide to spend some time doing your next assignment alone. Employers will not give you this courtesy. And, your co-workers will be angry. Life is not a free ride. Don't expect one. The old saying, "life is tough, get over it", is very true. Do your own work.

Question: I've never had any Immunisations, any advice? Just a simple question, I'm 24 and I've never had the standard immunisations: Diphtheria Tetanus HIB (Haemophilus Influenza B - a cause of meningitis) MMR (Measles, Mumps and Rubella) Meningococcal C Pneumococcal Now I have the choice I would like to have these done, especially since Rubella is important if I plan to have children. Will my G.P. be able to do this for me? Any help would be much appreciated! They were standard practice at school except my parents never agreed with them. I think I may have had the early ones, before the age of 5. But not Rubella and onwards. Thanks for your advice, I'll make an appointment and get myself jabbed ^_^

Answer: You should have recieved all of these. You will be able to get them from you GP or from a public health nurse. You will not have to get the HIB as this can only be given around 6 months. It is completely useless to get it when your an adult as you are no longer vulnerable.

Question: Microbiology ? A patient is in hospital with bacterial meningitis. The doctor needs to determine whether the patient has an infection with Neisseria meningitidis or Haemophilus influenzae. what organism could have caused this problem? what experiements are required to answer the hypothesis (stains, biochemical, and media for each organism and the expected results) Please help

Answer: The source given more details: Hope this will be of help to you. Viral meningitis is relatively common and far less serious than bacterial meningitis. It often remains undiagnosed because its symptoms are similar to those of the common flu. The frequency of viral meningitis increases slightly in the summer and fall months because people are more often exposed to common viral agents during those seasons. Most cases of viral meningitis are associated with enteroviruses - viruses that typically cause stomach "flu." Many different types of bacteria can cause meningitis: Group B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes are the most common causes of meningitis in newborns Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) are more frequent in children older than 2 months of age. Before the 1990s, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was the leading cause of meningitis in children in the United States. But the widespread use of the Hib vaccine as a routine childhood immunization has dramatically decreased the frequency of meningitis caused by Hib. The tests will likely include a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to collect a sample of spinal fluid. This sample will be examined for signs of inflammation and cultured for the organism that may be causing the infection.These tests include analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid for evidence of antibodies against the bacteria and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, which cause DNA to make copies of itself. A sample of the cerebrospinal fluid is sent to a laboratory, where the bacteria can be grown (cultured) and identified. The bacteria can be tested for susceptibility to treatment with different antibiotics, so that the antibiotic therapy that was started immediately can be adjusted if necessary. VR

Question: Why do you refuse to immunize your Child? From CNN Rare sickness kills child; officials urge vaccination * Story Highlights * Five children were infected with a bacterial infection, preventable through vaccines * Three of the children were not immunized, and another was under-immunized * Shortage of Hib vaccine did not affect infection in the children, authorities said * Next Article in Health » By Madison Park CNN Decrease font Decrease font Enlarge font Enlarge font (CNN) -- A childhood illness that has mostly been curbed through vaccinations has killed one child and sickened four others in Minnesota, health officials said Friday. Authorities recommend that those younger than 2 years be vaccinated against 14 diseases, including Hib. Authorities recommend that those younger than 2 years be vaccinated against 14 diseases, including Hib. The five children were infected with a bacterial infection known as Hib: Haemophilus influenzae type b. Three of the affected children had not received any vaccinations, including the 7-month-old who died, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "The situation is of concern," said Dr. Anne Schuchat, director of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease at the CDC. "It could be happening elsewhere, and of course it's tragic that one of the children actually died from a preventable disease." Hib primarily affects infants and children under 5 years of age. The vaccine prevents pneumonia, epiglottis (severe throat infection) and meningitis, which is an infection of the covering of the brain and spinal cord, caused by the bacteria. One in 20 children infected with Hib dies, according to the CDC. And survivors of the disease can become deaf;10 to 30 percent have permanent brain damage. "Parents may not realize the importance of this vaccine," Schuchat said. "The disease is still around." People tend to "think it's gone because it has not seen for a while. Clearly, the bacteria is in the community in Minnesota, and babies that haven't gotten their vaccines are at risk," she said. Before vaccines became widely used, about 20,000 Hib cases were reported each year in the country. After children began receiving the vaccinations in the early 1990s, CDC officials said, was a 99 percent drop in cases. But, a shortage of the Hib vaccine is also causing concern, officials said. One of the two companies that produce the vaccine, Merck Inc., recalled more than a million doses in December 2007 because of contamination. The recall left a unit of Sanofi Aventis as the only vaccine supplier, creating a shortage. Under normal circumstances, the first series of the Hib vaccine is administered to children when they are 2, 4 and 6 months old. A booster shot is administered between a child's 12th and 15th month. Because of the vaccine shortage, the CDC recommended that the primary series for infants should get priority and that older children, who have stronger immune systems, should defer the booster shot until the supply situation improved. Officials said the supply should be back to normal by this summer. The vaccine shortage did not cause the infection of the five Minnesota children, federal and state health officials said. Three of the children had not received any vaccination because of their parents' decisions, not because of a vaccine shortage, officials said. One of the infected children, a 5-month old, had not completed the three-dose series of the vaccination, and a 15-month old child had received all doses but had an immune deficiency. The cases are not related and were in different counties, said Dr. Ruth Lynfield, Minnesota state epidemiologist. But the shortage may be having an effect in the community. "When there are high immunization rates, there is herd immunity," Lynfield said. "It may be that because of the shortage, that herd immunity has dropped. That first manifests in unimmunized children." Some parents don't vaccinate their children because of claims that childhood vaccinations cause autism. Health agencies say there is no evidence linking vaccines to autism. "For parents that are wavering about whether they need the vaccine, they need to know it's an important vaccine to protect their child from serious infection," Schuchat said. The Minnesota cases have alarmed health officials because "this is the highest number of cases that we have had since 1992, when vaccines became widely used," Lynfield said. In 1987, the national rate of Hib meningitis was 41 cases per 100,000 children under the age of 5. After the Hib vaccine was introduced, the rate had fallen to 0.11 per 100,000 in 2007, according to the CDC Please note the part about herd immunity. That would be why people don't want unvaccinated children around their children. The children who had died even though they had started their vaccines, had not finished them. That is because their immune systems are immature and it takes a series of shots to establish immunity. It is that way for many vaccinations. I had to have 7 of the hepb vaccine before I seroconverted to immunity. Vaccines are not foolproof, But they have been proven to prevent or reduce disease. Is the death of your child work Not getting them?

Answer: Sure fine, it is your right to not vaccine, but isn't our right to keep our kids safe from you kids then. If your not going to vaccine, your kids should not be allowed to be in our schools!!!!!!